Recommended cost-effectiveness of household power supply

Should home energy spending be included?

Including home energy spending, including electricity, helps control for when households switch between fuel types. Spending more than 6 percent of income on home energy is considered highly burdensome. For many, electricity is already unaffordable.

How much energy does a home use?

Residential buildings currently account for about 22% of all energy consumption in the US and 21% of all greenhouse gas emissions, 71% of which are a result of electricity use in homes . Making up approximately 35% of all home energy consumption are appliances, electronics, and lighting, which can all operate on DC , .

What is a household's energy burden?

A household’s energy burden is a common metric used to assess energy affordability. It is represented as the percent of a household’s income that is spent on energy.

Is electricity affordable?

For many, electricity is already unaffordable. According to ACEEE research in 2020, 25% of low-income households experience energy burdens greater than 6%. Figure 2 shows the average energy burden in each state, which varies according to each state’s average household income, energy demand, and energy prices.

How many energy consumption profiles does a home have?

This results in 1000 annual energy consumption profiles, bills, and levelized annual costs (LACs) for each home. Each simulated scenario uses all (120) homes with complete data, except for EV simulations.

How can smart home systems be more efficient?

Advancements in battery capacity, lifespan, and integration with smart home systems alongside emerging technologies like solid-state batteries and improvements in energy management systems hold further promise for making these systems more efficient, safe, and reliable.